- Ielts academic reading practice test with answers free download pdf for free#
- Ielts academic reading practice test with answers free download pdf how to#
‘This is our ability to develop awareness of our own thinking progresses – it influences how effectively we go about undertaking challenging activities.’ ‘A strong possibility is that play supports the early development of children’s self-control,’ explains Baker.
Now, thanks to the university’s new Centre for Research on Play in Education, Development and Learning (PEDAL), Whitebread, Baker, Gibson and a team of researchers hope to provide evidence on the role played by play in how a child develops. It’s a real challenge.’ĭr Jenny Gibson agrees, pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and why play is important have been looked at, there is very little data on the impact it has on the child’s later life. ‘And we want to know what the long-term impact of play is.
‘The type of play we are interested in is child-initiated, spontaneous and unpredictable – but, as soon as you ask a five-year-old “to play”, then you as the researcher have intervened,’ explains Dr Sara Baker. But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on. International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop policies concerned with children’s right to play, and to consider implications for leisure facilities and educational programmes. Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as parents’ increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by the emphasis on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.
Ielts academic reading practice test with answers free download pdf for free#
‘The opportunities for free play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce,’ he says. Recognizing the importance of play is not new: over two millennia ago, the Greek philosopher Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life, and ideas about play-based learning have been developing since the 19th century.īut we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play, pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities. ‘It underpins how we develop as intellectual, problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success as a highly adaptable species.’ ‘Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,’ says Dr David Whitebread from the Faculty of Education at the University of Cambridge, UK. Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game, she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.
Ielts academic reading practice test with answers free download pdf how to#
When she bosses him around as his ‘teacher’, she’s practising how to regulate her emotions through pretence. Minutes later, Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger brother. Although she isn’t aware of it, this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.
Imagining fairy-tale turrets and fire-breathing dragons, wicked witches and gallant heroes, she’s creating an enchanting world. You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.īrick by brick, six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom.
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